Can a menstruating woman perform tawaf al-ziyarah, wada, and umrah?
Women who enter ihram while they menstruate or start to menstruate after entering ihram may perform all rites of hajj except tawaf. However, they cannot enter where the Ka’bah is (mataf) and cannot circumambulate the Ka’bah. Because the Messenger of Allah (saw) said to Aisha, “This is a thing which Allah has ordained for the daughters of Adam. So do what all the pilgrims do with the exception of the Tawaf round the Ka’bah.” (Bukhari, Haidh, 1).
Woman who cannot perform tawaf al-ziyarah on the days of eid as they menstruate, perform this tawaf when their menstruation ends. There is no penalty for them due to this delay. If the women who menstruate after performing tawaf al-ziyarah cannot find opportunity to perform the tawaf al-wada (which is wajib according to Hanafis) before going back to their countries, they do not perform it. No penalty is required because of this either (Samarqandi, Tuhfa, II, 410, 414).
If they do not have the opportunity to stay in Mecca, they perform tawaf al-ziyarah while menstruating, as taharat (cleaning/purification) is not fardh but wajib acts for tawaf according to the Hanafi school; however, they need to sacrifice a camel or cattle (badanah) as penalty for the violation of a wajib act. If such women find the opportunity and perform this tawaf after ghusl, then this penalty is cancelled (Kasani, Bada’i, II, 129).
According to the Shafi’i school, the tawaf performed by a woman who menstruates is not valid under any circumstances. She needs to do it after cleaning herself (i.e. performing ghusl) (Nawavi, al-Majmu, VIII, 14, 17). As expressed in some sources of Hanbali and Maliki schools, if menstruation ceases and the woman assumes this as cleanliness, she performs ghusl and then performs tawaf. If she sees bleeding again within the menstruation period, her menstruation continues after the period of cleanliness. No penalty is required because of this. It will be permissible for the women in this situation to inform the related people thereof and act by their answer (Sahnun, al-Mudawanah, I, 152; Hattab, Mawahib, I, 539; Ibn Qudamah, al-Sharh al-Kabir, I, 346).
When it comes to tawaf al-umrah; as taharah is not fardh but wajib for tawaf according to the Hanafi school, if a woman performs tawaf al-umrah while she menstruates, she needs to sacrifice a sheep or goat as penalty. If she finds the opportunity and performs this tawaf after being cleaned, then this penalty is cancelled (Kasani, Bada’i, II, 129).
Source: Presidency Of Religious Affairs The Turkey, High Board of Religious Affairs FATWAS
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